BD Math Olympiad 2022 national questions
 Primary level
1. āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϞāĻžāĻāύ⧠50 āĻāύ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻā§, āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻāύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϞāĻžāĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāύ āĻŦāϞāϞ, âāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§â, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύ āĻŦāϞāϞ, âāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§â, āϤā§āϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύ āĻŦāϞāϞ, âāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§â, āĻāϤā§āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāύ āĻŦāϞāϞ, âāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§â… āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§, āϤā§āϤā§āϝāĻŧ, āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻŽ,… 49-āϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞāϞ âāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§â āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ, āĻāϤā§āϰā§āĻĨ,… 50-āϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϞāϞ âāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āĨ¤â āϏāϰā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāϤ āĻāύ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§, āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻž?
In a line 50 people are standing, some of them are truthful who always speak the truth and remaining are liars who always tell lies. The first person from the back of the line says, âEveryone in front of me is a liarâ, the second person says, âEveryone behind me is a liarâ, the third person says,âEveryone in front of me is a liarâ, the fourth person says, âEveryone behind me is a liarâ, … In other words, the first, third, fifth, ¡ ¡ ¡ , 49-th person from the back say, âEveryone in front of me is a liarâ and the second, forth, sixth, ¡ ¡ ¡ , 50-th person from the back say, âEveryone behind me is a liarâ. At most how many of them are truthful, and in that case who are the truthful?
2. āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ⧠ABCD, BDFE, ACGH āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϰā§āĻāĨ¤ ADFEIGH āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰāĻĢāϞ 750 āĻŦāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻšāϞ⧠BD-āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāϤ?

In the figure ABCD,BDFE,ACGH are three squares. If the area of the whole polygon ADFEIGH is 750 square units, what is the length of BD?
3. āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ 1 āĻĨā§āĻā§ 2000-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĄāĻžāύ⧠āϝāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠0 āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ: 1010-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ 1, 500-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ 2, 7-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ 0 āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āύāϤā§āύ āϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϝā§āĻāĻĢāϞ āĻāϤ?
Zahin writes all the numbers between 1 and 2000 in a row. Then under every number he
writes the number of 0 at the right of that number. For example: 1 under 1010, 2 under 500, 0 under 7 etc. What is the sum of all the numbers in this new row?
4. a, b āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϧāύāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŦāϰā§āĻāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϞ.āϏāĻž.āĻā§. (āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻ) ā§ā§¨ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϤāĻā§āϞāĻŋ (a, b) āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻž (x, y) āĻāĻŦāĻ (y, x) āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ?
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŦāϰā§āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŖāĻĢāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϞā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: 25 = 5 à 5, 81 = 9 à 9, 1 à 1 = 1āĨ¤
a, b are two positive integers such that at least one of them is a perfect square. If the LCM (Least Common Multiple) of the two numbers is 72, then how many such (a, b) exists ((x, y) and (y, x) are different)? A perfect square is a number that can be expressed as the product of two equal numbers. For example: 25 = 5 Ã 5, 81 = 9 Ã 9, 1 Ã 1.
5. ABC āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϝ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤ A-āĻā§ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻžāĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻšāϞ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāϰā§āϧ ā§Ģ āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻāĻŋ AB āĻāĻŦāĻ AC-āĻā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ B’ āĻāĻŦāĻ C’-āĻ āĻā§āĻĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ ā§§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāϰā§āϧā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ BB’C’C āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻ āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϤāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻŦā§?

âŗABC is an equilateral triangle that has side-length 20 unit. An arc is drawn with the center at A and radius 5 unit. The arc intersects AB and AC at points BⲠand CⲠrespectively. If a circular wheel with a radius of 1 unit travels the whole path BBâ˛Câ˛C, then how many times will the wheel rotate?
6. āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāύāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āϞāĻŋāĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: 12321, 39093 āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
āĻ. āĻāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠5 āĻ
āĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāύāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§?
āĻ. āĻāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠7 āĻ
āĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāύāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, āϝāĻžāϰāĻž 3 āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϝ?
A Palindrome number is a number which stays the same if the digits are written in reverse.
For example: 12321, 39093 etc.
A. How many 5 digit Palindrome numbers are there?
B. How many 7 digit Palindrome numbers are there, which are also divisible by 3?
7. āϤāĻžāĻšāύāĻŋāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻžāύ⧠āϧāύāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž n āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϏ⧠āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻšāĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāϞ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ n āĻāϰ āĻ.āϏāĻž.āĻā§. (āĻāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻ) ā§§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ, n = 10 āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āϏ⧠1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, … āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϞ⧠n-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻšāĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻšāύāĻŋāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠n āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āϞāĻŋāϏā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϞ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻŦā§ n āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§ āĻā§ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰ āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …
If Thanic is given any positive integer n, he writes down all the integers co-prime to the
given number – meaning numbers with which the GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) of n is 1. For
example, if n = 10 is given, he keeps writing 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, ¡ ¡ ¡ . If after giving Thanic some integer n the numbers he writes down form an arithmetic progression, then what are the possible values for n?
In an arithmetic progression the difference between two consecutive terms are always the same. For
example: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ¡ ¡ ¡
8. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰ āϝ⧠xâ´ – yâ´ = xÂŗ + x à y² – 26 āĻšāϞ⧠x, y āĻāĻāϝāĻŧāĻ āϧāύāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž z āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ, zâ´ = z à z à z à z āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, zÂŗ = z à z à z, āĻāĻŦāĻ z² = z à zāĨ¤
Prove that if xâ´ – yâ´ = xÂŗ + x à y² – 26 , then both x, y cannot be positive integers. Here
for any number z, zâ´ = z à z à z à z, zÂŗ = z à z à z, and z² = z à z.
Junior level
1. ABC āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϝ 20 āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤ A-āĻā§ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāϰā§āϧ 5 āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻāĻŋ AB āĻāĻŦāĻ AC-āĻā§ āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ B’ āĻāĻŦāĻ C’-āϤ⧠āĻā§āĻĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ 1 āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāϰā§āϧā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ BB’C’C āĻĒāĻĨā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āϰā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāϤāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŦā§?

âŗABC is an equilateral triangle that has side-length 20 unit. An arc is drawn with the center at A and radius 5 unit. The arc intersects AB and AC at points BⲠand CⲠrespectively. If a circular wheel with a radius of 1 unit travels the whole path BBâ˛Câ˛C, then how many times will the wheel rotate?
2. āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāύāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϝāĻž āĻāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: 12321, 39093 āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
āĻ. āĻāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠5 āĻ
āĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāύāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§?
āĻ. āĻāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠7 āĻ
āĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻŋāύāĻĄā§āϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, āϝāĻžāϰāĻž 3 āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϝ?
A Palindrome number is a number which stays the same if the digits are written in reverse.
For example: 12321, 39093 etc.
A. How many 5 digit Palindrome numbers are there?
B. How many 7 digit Palindrome numbers are there, which are also divisible by 3?
3. āϤāĻžāĻšāύāĻŋāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āϧāύāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž n āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϏ⧠āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻšāĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāϞ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ n āĻāϰ āĻ.āϏāĻž.āĻā§. (āĻāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻ) 1āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ, n = 10 āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āϏ⧠1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, ……… āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻšāύāĻŋāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠n āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āϞāĻŋāϏā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϞ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻŦā§ n āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§ āĻā§ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ āĻĒāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰ āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …………..
If Thanic is given any positive integer n, he writes down all the integers co-prime to the
given number – meaning numbers with which the GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) of n is 1. For
example, if n = 10 is given, he keeps writing 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, ¡ ¡ ¡ . If after giving Thanic some integer n the numbers he writes down form an arithmetic progression, then what are the possible values for n? In an arithmetic progression the difference between two consecutive terms are always the same. For
example: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ¡ ¡ ¡
4. āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ⧠ABCD āĻāϝāĻŧāϤ āϝā§, AB = BE, CD = DF āĻāĻŦāĻ AF = 3 āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰāĻĢāϞ āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ x āĻ y, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠y – x = \frac{80 - 25\pi}{4} āĻŦāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤
ABCD-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϰā§āϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰāĻĢāϞ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĨ¤

In rectangle ABCD in the figure, AB = BE,CD = DF and AF = 3 units. The areas of
the two shaded regions are x and y respectively, where y â x = \frac{80 - 25\pi}{4} square units. If the sides of the rectangle have integer lengths, then find its area.
5. āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ x āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻāϞ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰ:
\lfloor x \rfloor^3 - 7 \left\lfloor x + \frac{1}{3} \right\rfloor = -13
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠\lfloor x \rfloor āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĢā§āϞā§āϰ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻļāύ, āϝāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž x-āĻāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ āϏāϰā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ:
\lfloor 2.1 \rfloor = 2, \quad \lfloor 3 \rfloor = 3, \quad \lfloor -1.6 \rfloor = -2
Find all solutions for real x: \lfloor x \rfloor^3 - 7 \left\lfloor x + \frac{1}{3} \right\rfloor = -13Â . Here âxâ is the floor function, which
represents the largest integer less than or equal to x. For example: â2.1â = 2, â3â = 3, ââ1.6â = â2.
6. āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§āĻ āĻĻā§âāĻāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻžāϤāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ n āĻāĻŦāĻ m āĻāĻā§ āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠n > māĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻā§ 2 āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠2 āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻāϰā§, āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻā§ 2 āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠2 āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ (2n – 2) āĻāĻŦāĻ (2m + 2)āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāύ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž x āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāϏāĻš āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰ āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠n – m âĨ 2 āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Pratyya and Payel have a number each, n and m respectively, where n > m. Everyday,
Pratyya multiplies his number by 2 and then subtracts 2 from it, and Payel multiplies his number by 2 and then add 2 to it. In other words, on the first day their numbers will be (2n â 2) and (2m + 2) respectively. Find minimum integer x with proof such that if n â m âĨ x, then Pratyyaâs number will be larger than Payelâs number everyday.
7. āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ n āĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦā§āĻšā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāώā§āĻāĻŋ āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āϰā§āĻĒ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰāĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ, āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ⧠5 āĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻ āĻšā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄā§ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻļ āϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻ āĻāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰ, n = 3 āĻšāϞā§, āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻ āĻāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻ āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄā§ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰ, n āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŋ 3 āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻšāϞā§, āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻ āĻāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āύā§āύā§āĻ āϏāĻžāĻāĻĄā§ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤

A triangle of size n is a collection of a number of circular coins which are placed in the shape of an equilateral triangle and there are n coins along each side. For example, in the figure a triangle of size 5 is shown. At first the Heads side of every coin is faced up. At a time, you can take three coins that are touching each other and flip their side.
A. Prove that, if n = 3, you can make the Tails side of all the coins faced up after flipping three coins at a time in this method a few times.
B. Prove that, if the number n is divisible by 3, you can make the Tails side of all the coins faced up after flipping three coins at a time in this method a few times.
8. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāϏāĻš āϏāĻāϞ āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ āϧāύāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰ āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϝā§āĻāĻĢāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϞā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
Find, with proof, all even positive integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of two composite odd numbers.

